Nutrition
T-Score Interpretation
T-score interpretation compares DXA results to young-adult norms—thresholds near −1 and −2.5 separate normal bone, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.
T-score interpretation compares your bone mineral density to a healthy young-adult reference mean. At or above −1.
0 is usually normal; −1. 0 to −2.
5 suggests osteopenia; −2. 5 or lower meets osteoporosis thresholds at measured sites.
T-scores apply to postmenopausal women and men over 50; younger adults use Z-scores instead. A low T-score plus fracture history may shift treatment urgency.
Common questions
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Can T-scores differ between hip and spine?
Yes—sites remodel at different rates. Clinicians weigh the lowest relevant site, prior fractures, and spinal degeneration that can falsely elevate spine scores.
Related terms
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